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Experimental data for CH3CH2CHO (Propanal)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
1-Propanal; 1-Propanone; Aldehyde propionique; Methylacetaldehyde; n-Propanal; n-Propionaldehyde; n-Propylal; Propaldehyde; Propanal; Propanalaldehyde; Propanaldehyde; Propional; Propionaldehyde; Propionic aldehyde; Propylaldehyde; Propylic aldehyde;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/C3H6O/c1-2-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC=O Propionaldehyde
State Conformation
1A' CS
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation -186.00   kJ mol-1 TRC
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation -170.60   kJ mol-1 TRC
Entropy (298.15K) entropy 304.51   J K-1 mol-1 TRC
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity 17.50   kJ mol-1 TRC
Heat Capacity (298.15K) heat capacity 80.73   J K-1 mol-1 webbook
Barrier to Internal Rotation 14.5   kJ mol-1 1988Ran/Har:1199
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 A' 2981   1998Gui/Dre:123      
2 A' 2904   1998Gui/Dre:123      
3 A' 2895   1998Gui/Dre:123      
4 A' 2809   1998Gui/Dre:123      
5 A' 1743   1998Gui/Dre:123      
6 A' 1460   1998Gui/Dre:123      
7 A' 1416   1998Gui/Dre:123      
8 A' 1390   1998Gui/Dre:123      
9 A' 1376   1998Gui/Dre:123      
10 A' 1335   1998Gui/Dre:123      
11 A' 1093   1998Gui/Dre:123      
12 A' 993   1998Gui/Dre:123      
13 A' 848   1998Gui/Dre:123      
14 A' 668   1998Gui/Dre:123      
15 A' 271   1998Gui/Dre:123      
16 A" 2992   1998Gui/Dre:123      
17 A" 2942   1998Gui/Dre:123      
18 A" 1451   1998Gui/Dre:123      
19 A" 1250   1998Gui/Dre:123      
20 A" 1118   1998Gui/Dre:123      
21 A" 892   1998Gui/Dre:123      
22 A" 660   1998Gui/Dre:123      
23 A" 220   1998Gui/Dre:123      
24 A" 135   1998Gui/Dre:123      

vibrational zero-point energy: 17921.0 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for CH3CH2CHO (Propanal).
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
0.87063 0.13712 0.13218 1988Ran/Har:1199

Calculated rotational constants for CH3CH2CHO (Propanal).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
303587.4amu3Å6   1.39011837586425E-114gm3 cm6
Geometric Data
picture of Propanal

Point Group Cs


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rCC 1.523   1 2 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) CH3-CH2
rCH 1.103   1 6 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) out of plane, end C
rCH 1.096   1 5 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) in plane, end C
rCH 1.105   2 8 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) middle C
rCC 1.509   2 3 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) C with =O
rCO 1.210   3 4 1992Kuchitsu(II/21)
rCH 1.115   3 10 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) C with =O
aHCH 108.7 5 1 6 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) in to out
aHCC 110.3 2 1 6 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) to end CH3
aHCH 107 6 1 7 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) out to out
aHCC 111.9 3 2 8 1992Kuchitsu(II/21)
aCCC 113.8 1 2 3 1992Kuchitsu(II/21)
aHCH 105 8 2 9 1992Kuchitsu(II/21)
aCCO 124.4 2 3 4 1992Kuchitsu(II/21)
aHCC 115.1 2 3 10 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) to C with =O
aHCO 120.5 4 3 10 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) from symmetry
aHCC 111.7 2 1 5 1992Kuchitsu(II/21) from symmetry
aHCC 106.8 1 2 8 by symmetry

Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
 

Calculated geometries for CH3CH2CHO (Propanal).

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
H-C 6
C-C 2
C=O 1

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
C1 C2
C1 H5
C1 H6
C1 H7
C2 C3
C2 H8
C2 H9
C3 O4
C3 H10
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1   1A'

Ionization Energies (eV)
Ionization Energy I.E. unc. vertical I.E. v.I.E. unc. reference
9.960 0.010 9.960   webbook
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A' Cs True 1.710 1.850   2.520 1964But/Wil:1671-1678 MW 2.52±0.04 D Cs 2 3
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for CH3CH2CHO (Propanal).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A' Cs True       Cs 2 3

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for CH3CH2CHO (Propanal).
Electric dipole polarizability (Å3) polarizability
alpha unc. Reference
6.350   1998Gus/Rui:163

Calculated electric dipole polarizability for CH3CH2CHO (Propanal).

References
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squib reference DOI
1964But/Wil:1671-1678 SS Butcher, EB Wilson Jr. "Microwave Spectrum of Propionaldehyde" J. Chem. Phys. 40, 1671 (1964) 10.1063/1.1725377
1988Ran/Har:1199 J Randell JA Hardy, AP Cox, "The microwave spectrum and potential function of propanal" J. Chem. Soc. Farad. Trans. 2 1988, 84(8), 1199-1212 10.1039/f29888401199
1992Kuchitsu(II/21) Kuchitsu (ed.), Landolt-Bornstein: Group II: Atomic and Molecular Physics Volume 21: Structure Data of Free Polyatomic Molecules. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992.  
1998Gui/Dre:123 Guirgis, Drew, Gounev, and Durig. Conformational Stability and Vibrational Assignment of Propanal. Spectrochimica Acta Part A. Vol. 54. pgs. 123-143. 10.1016/S1386-1425(97)00200-X
1998Gus/Rui:163 M Gussoni, R Rui, G Zerbi "Electronic and relaxation contribution to linear molecular polarizability. An analysis of the experimental values" J. Mol. Struct. 447 (1998) 163-215 10.1016/S0022-2860(97)00292-5
TRC Frenkel, M; Marsh, K.N.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Kabo, G.J.; Roganov, G.N.,Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State,Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, TX, 1994  
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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