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Experimental data for C4H8 (cyclobutane)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
Cyclobutane; Tetramethylene;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/C4H8/c1-2-4-3-1/h1-4H2 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1CCC1 Cyclobutane
State Conformation
1A1 D2D
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation 28.40   kJ mol-1 TRC
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation 53.00   kJ mol-1 TRC
Entropy (298.15K) entropy 264.40   J K-1 mol-1 TRC
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity     kJ mol-1  
Heat Capacity (298.15K) heat capacity 70.60   J K-1 mol-1 webbook
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 A1 2951   1982Ale/Ant:15      
2 A1 2862   1982Ale/Ant:15      
3 A1 1468   1982Ale/Ant:15      
4 A1 1153   1982Ale/Ant:15      
5 A1 1004   1982Ale/Ant:15      
6 A1 199   1982Ale/Ant:15      
7 A2 1260   1982Ale/Ant:15      
8 A2 941   1982Ale/Ant:15      
9 B1 1231   1982Ale/Ant:15      
10 B1 1142   1982Ale/Ant:15      
11 B1 928   1982Ale/Ant:15      
12 B2 2973   1982Ale/Ant:15      
13 B2 2934   1982Ale/Ant:15      
14 B2 1440   1982Ale/Ant:15      
15 B2 883   1982Ale/Ant:15      
16 B2 625   1982Ale/Ant:15      
17 E 2959   1982Ale/Ant:15      
18 E 2862   1982Ale/Ant:15      
19 E 1441   1982Ale/Ant:15      
20 E 1252   1982Ale/Ant:15      
21 E 1217   1982Ale/Ant:15      
22 E 893   1982Ale/Ant:15      
23 E 746   1982Ale/Ant:15      

vibrational zero-point energy: 23366.3 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for C4H8 (cyclobutane).
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
  0.35582   1987Ega/Fuk:6018

Calculated rotational constants for C4H8 (cyclobutane).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
amu3Å6   0gm3 cm6
Geometric Data
picture of cyclobutane

Point Group D2d


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rCC 1.555   1 3 1998Kuc
rCH 1.093   1 5 1998Kuc axial H
rCH 1.091   1 6 1998Kuc equatorial H
aHCC 119.93 1 3 10 1998Kuc axial
aHCC 130.74 1 3 9 1998Kuc equatorial
dCCCC 27.5 1.1 1 3 2 4 1987Ega/Fuk:6018

Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
 

Calculated geometries for C4H8 (cyclobutane).

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
H-C 8
C-C 4

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
C1 C3
C1 C4
C1 H5
C1 H6
C2 C3
C2 C4
C2 H7
C2 H8
C3 H9
C3 H10
C4 H11
C4 H12
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1   1A1

Ionization Energies (eV)
Ionization Energy I.E. unc. vertical I.E. v.I.E. unc. reference
9.800 0.100 10.700 0.100 webbook
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A1 D2d True           D2d 0 1
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for C4H8 (cyclobutane).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A1 D2d True       D2d 0 1

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for C4H8 (cyclobutane).

References
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squib reference DOI
1982Ale/Ant:15 VT Aleksanyan BG Antipov "Some Remarks on the Assignment of the Vibrational Spectra of Cyclobutane" J. Mol. Structure 89 (1982) 15-24 10.1016/0166-1280(82)80147-4
1987Ega/Fuk:6018 T Egawa, T Fukuyama, S Yamamoto, F Tkabayashi, H Kambara, T Ueda, K Kuchitsu "Molecular structure and puckering potential function of cyclobutane studied by gas electron diffraction and infrared spectroscopy" J. Chem. Phys. 86(11), 6018, 1987 10.1063/1.452489
1998Kuc K Kuchitsu(ed) "Structure of Free Polyatomic Molecules - Basic Data" Springer, Berlin, 1998 10.1007/978-3-642-45748-7 
TRC Frenkel, M; Marsh, K.N.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Kabo, G.J.; Roganov, G.N.,Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State,Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, TX, 1994  
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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