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Experimental data for C3H4N2 (1H-Imidazole)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
1,3-Diaza-2,4-cyclopentadiene; 1,3-Diazole; 1H-Imidazole; Formamidine, N,N'-vinylene-; Glyoxalin; Glyoxaline; IMD; Imidazol; Imidazole; Iminazole; Imutex; Methanimidamide, N,N'-1,2-ethenediyl-; Miazole; Pyrro(b)monazole; USAF ek-4733;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/C3H4N2/c1-2-5-3-4-1/h1-3H,(H,4,5) RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=NC=CN1 1H-Imidazole
State Conformation
1A' CS
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation 132.90 0.60 kJ mol-1 1987JIM/ROU
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation   0.60 kJ mol-1 1987JIM/ROU
Entropy (298.15K) entropy     J K-1 mol-1  
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity     kJ mol-1  
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 A' 3517   1999Bil/End:157      
2 A' 3143   1999Bil/End:157      
3 A' 3123   1999Bil/End:157      
4 A' 3110   1999Bil/End:157      
5 A' 1448   1999Bil/End:157      
6 A' 1404   1999Bil/End:157      
7 A' 1328   1999Bil/End:157      
8 A' 1265   1999Bil/End:157      
9 A' 1188   1999Bil/End:157      
10 A' 1098   1999Bil/End:157      
11 A' 1062   1999Bil/End:157      
12 A' 1013   1999Bil/End:157      
13 A' 988   1999Bil/End:157      
14 A' 923   1999Bil/End:157      
15 A' 898   1999Bil/End:157      
16 A" 831   1999Bil/End:157      
17 A" 758   1999Bil/End:157      
18 A" 674   1999Bil/End:157      
19 A" 663   1999Bil/End:157      
20 A" 621   1999Bil/End:157      
21 A" 539   1999Bil/End:157      

vibrational zero-point energy: 14797.0 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for C3H4N2 (1H-Imidazole).
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
0.32530 0.31268 0.15917 1982Chr/Gri:1378

Calculated rotational constants for C3H4N2 (1H-Imidazole).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
295885.8amu3Å6   1.35485285063475E-114gm3 cm6
Geometric Data
picture of 1H-Imidazole

Point Group Cs


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rNH 0.998   2 9 1987Kuchitsu(II/15)
rCH 1.079   7 8 1987Kuchitsu(II/15) in between N and N
rCH 1.078   5 6 1987Kuchitsu(II/15) next to N w/o H
rCH 1.079   3 4 1987Kuchitsu(II/15) next to N with H
rCN 1.364   8 9 1987Kuchitsu(II/15) to C inbetween 2 N
rCN 1.314   1 8 1987Kuchitsu(II/15)
rCN 1.382   1 5 1987Kuchitsu(II/15) from N w/o H
rCC 1.364   3 5 1987Kuchitsu(II/15)
rCN 1.377   3 9 1987Kuchitsu(II/15) from =C to N with H
aNCN 111.99 1 8 9 1987Kuchitsu(II/15)
aCNC 104.93 5 1 8 1987Kuchitsu(II/15)
aCCN 110.69 1 5 3 1987Kuchitsu(II/15) from N w/o H
aCCN 105.48 5 3 9 1987Kuchitsu(II/15) from N with H
aCNC 106.9 3 9 8 1987Kuchitsu(II/15)

Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
N1 -0.7475 -0.9823 0.0000
H2 -0.0089 2.1061 0.0000
C3 1.1135 0.2980 0.0000
H4 2.1470 0.6081 0.0000
C5 0.6345 -0.9791 0.0000
H6 1.2496 -1.8644 0.0000
H7 -2.1094 0.6372 0.0000
C8 -1.0890 0.2865 0.0000
N9 0.0000 1.1081 0.0000

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
  N1 H2 C3 H4 C5 H6 H7 C8 N9
N1   3.17552.25893.30261.38202.18322.11601.31402.2201
H2 3.1755   2.12812.62523.15164.16522.56312.11590.9980
C3 2.25892.1281   1.07901.36402.16673.24072.20251.3770
H4 3.30262.62521.0790   2.19242.63034.25643.25192.2044
C5 1.38203.15161.36402.1924   1.07803.18462.13832.1816
H6 2.18324.16522.16672.63031.0780   4.18823.17733.2245
H7 2.11602.56313.24074.25643.18464.1882   1.07902.1613
C8 1.31402.11592.20253.25192.13833.17731.0790   1.3641
N9 2.22010.99801.37702.20442.18163.22452.16131.3641  

Calculated geometries for C3H4N2 (1H-Imidazole).

Experimental Bond Angles (degrees) from cartesians bond angles

atom1 atom2 atom3 angle         atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
N1 H2 H4 68.656 N1 H2 H7 41.585
N1 C3 C5 34.915 N1 C3 C8 34.229
H2 N1 C3 42.023 H2 N1 H6 100.381
H2 H4 C5 81.175 C3 N1 H6 58.358
C3 C5 H4 23.060 C3 C5 N9 37.467
H4 H2 H7 110.242 H4 C5 N9 60.527
C5 C3 C8 69.144

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
H-C 3
H-N 1
C=C 1
C-N 3
C=N 1

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
N1 C2
N1 C3
N1 H6
C2 N4
C2 H7
C3 C5
C3 H8
N4 C5
C5 H9
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1   1A'

Ionization Energies (eV)
Ionization Energy I.E. unc. vertical I.E. v.I.E. unc. reference
8.810 0.010 8.960   webbook
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A' Cs True 3.603 0.680   3.667 1982Chr/Gri:1378 x=a y=b μ0 Cs 2 3
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for C3H4N2 (1H-Imidazole).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A' Cs True       Cs 2 3

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for C3H4N2 (1H-Imidazole).
Electric dipole polarizability (Å3) polarizability
alpha unc. Reference
7.090   1990Mil:8533

Calculated electric dipole polarizability for C3H4N2 (1H-Imidazole).

References
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squib reference DOI
1982Chr/Gri:1378 D Christen, JH Griffiths, J Sheridan "The Microwave Spectrum of Imidazole; Complete Structure and the Electron Distribution from Nuclear Quardupole Coupling Tensors and Dipole Moment Orientation" Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 1378-1385 (1982) 10.1515/zna-1981-1220
1987JIM/ROU Jiminez, P.; Roux, M.V.; Turrion, C., Thermochemical properties of N-heterocyclic compounds. I. Enthalpies of combustion, vapour pressures and enthalpies of sublimation, and enthalpies of formation of pyrazole, imidazole, indazole, and benzimidazole, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1987, 19, 985-992. [all data] 10.1016/0021-9614(87)90045-0
1987Kuchitsu(II/15) Kuchitsu (ed.), Landolt-Bornstein: Group II: Atomic and Molecular Physics Volume 15: Structure Data of Free Polyatomic Molecules. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.  
1990Mil:8533 KJ Miller "Additivity Methods in Molecular Polarizability" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8533-8542 10.1021/ja00179a044
1999Bil/End:157 Billes, Endredi, and Jalsovsky. Vibrational spectroscopy of diazoles. J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) Vol. 465. pgs. 157-172. 10.1016/S0166-1280(98)00326-1
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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