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Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark DataBase Release 22 (May 2022) Standard Reference Database 101 National Institute of Standards and Technology |
| You are here: Experimental > One molecule all properties | |
| Other names |
|---|
| Formaldehyde; Formic aldehyde; Formol; Methaldehyde; Methanal; Methyl aldehyde; Methylene glycol; Methylene oxide; |
| INChI | INChIKey | SMILES | IUPAC name |
|---|---|---|---|
| InChI=1S/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2 | WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N | C=O | Formaldehyde |
| State | Conformation |
|---|---|
| 1A1 | C2V |
| Property | Value | Uncertainty | units | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hfg(298.15K) ![]() |
-108.70 | 0.50 | kJ mol-1 | Gurvich | |
Hfg(0K) ![]() |
-104.86 | 0.50 | kJ mol-1 | Gurvich | |
Entropy (298.15K) ![]() |
218.76 | J K-1 mol-1 | Gurvich | ||
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) ![]() |
10.02 | kJ mol-1 | Gurvich | ||
Heat Capacity (298.15K) ![]() |
35.39 | J K-1 mol-1 | Gurvich |
| Mode Number | Symmetry | Frequency | Intensity | Comment | Description | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fundamental(cm-1) | Harmonic(cm-1) | Reference | (km mol-1) | unc. | Reference | ||||
| 1 | A1 | 2782 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | 75.5 | 7.1 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | CH2 s-stretch | ||
| 2 | A1 | 1746 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | 74.0 | 5.3 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | CO stretch | ||
| 3 | A1 | 1500 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | 11.2 | 1.0 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | CH2 scissors | ||
| 4 | B1 | 1167 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | 6.5 | 0.6 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | CH2 wag | ||
| 5 | B2 | 2843 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | 87.6 | 8.0 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | CH2 a-str | ||
| 6 | B2 | 1249 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | 9.9 | 1.0 | 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | CH2 rock | ||
| A | B | C | reference | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.40530 | 1.29530 | 1.13420 | 1966Herzberg |
Product of moments of inertia ![]() | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 346.7025 | amu3Å6 | 1.58754082742651E-117 | gm3 cm6 | |
Point Group C2v
| Description | Value | unc. | Connectivity | Reference | Comment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atom 1 | Atom 2 | Atom 3 | Atom 4 | |||||
| rCH | 1.111 | 2 | 3 | Gurvich | ||||
| rCO | 1.205 | 1 | 2 | Gurvich | ||||
| aHCH | 116.133 | 3 | 2 | 4 | Gurvich | |||
| aHCO | 121.9 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Gurvich | from aHCH by symmetry | ||
| Atom | x (Å) | y (Å) | z (Å) |
|---|---|---|---|
| O1 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 1.2050 |
| C2 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| H3 | 0.0000 | 0.9429 | -0.5876 |
| H4 | 0.0000 | -0.9429 | -0.5876 |
| O1 | C2 | H3 | H4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O1 | 1.2050 | 2.0255 | 2.0255 | |
| C2 | 1.2050 | 1.1110 | 1.1110 | |
| H3 | 2.0255 | 1.1110 | 1.8857 | |
| H4 | 2.0255 | 1.1110 | 1.8857 |
Experimental Bond Angles (degrees) from cartesians
| atom1 | atom2 | atom3 | angle | atom1 | atom2 | atom3 | angle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O1 | C2 | H3 | 121.933 | O1 | C2 | H4 | 121.933 | |
| H3 | C2 | H4 | 116.134 |
Bond descriptions
| Bond Type | Count |
|---|---|
| H-C | 2 |
| C=O | 1 |
| Atom 1 | Atom 2 |
|---|---|
| O1 | C2 |
| C2 | H3 |
| C2 | H4 |
| Energy (cm-1) | Degeneracy | reference | description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 1A1 | |
| 25194 | 3 | 1966Herzberg |
| Ionization Energy | I.E. unc. | vertical I.E. | v.I.E. unc. | reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.885 | 0.010 | 10.885 | 0.000 | 2008Sch/Mei:44 |
| Electron Affinity | unc. | reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| -0.650 | 0.050 | 1976Bur/Mic:223 | negative! |
| Proton Affinity | unc. | Product | reference | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 712.9 | CH2OH+ | webbook |
| State | Config | State description | Conf description | Exp. min. | Dipole (Debye) | Reference | comment | Point Group | Components | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | total | dipole | quadrupole | ||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1A1 | C2v | True | 2.332 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | MW μ0 | C2v | 1 | 2 | |||
| Vibrational Quantum numbers | Dip x | Dip y | Dip z | Dip total | Squib | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2.332 | 2.332 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.0005 | ||
| ν1 = 1 | 2.294 | 2.294 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.0050 | ||
| ν2 = 1 | 2.347 | 2.347 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.0015 | ||
| ν2 = 2 | 2.361 | 2.361 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.0020 | ||
| ν3 = 1 | 2.325 | 2.325 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.0025 | ||
| ν4 = 1 | 2.309 | 2.309 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.0005 | ||
| ν4 = 4 | 2.272 | 2.272 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.0086 | ||
| ν5 = 1 | 2.284 | 2.284 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.0047 | ||
| ν5 = 2 | 2.294 | 2.294 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.0047 | ||
| ν6 = 1 | 2.329 | 2.329 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.0005 | ||
| ν2=1 ν4=4 | 2.283 | 2.283 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.0033 | ||
| ν2=2 ν4=2 | 2.322 | 2.322 | 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | ±0.047 |
| State | Config | State description | Conf description | Exp. min. | Quadrupole (D Å) | Reference | comment | Point Group | Components | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| xx | yy | zz | dipole | quadrupole | ||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1A1 | C2v | True | -0.270 | 0.330 | -0.060 | 1974Hel/Hel(II/6) | aa=-0.06+-0.16 bb=0.33+-E28 cc=-0.27+-0.2 | C2v | 1 | 2 |
| alpha | unc. | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| 2.770 | 1997Oln/Can:59 |
| squib | reference | DOI |
|---|---|---|
| 1966Herzberg | Herzberg, G., Electronic spectra and electronic structure of polyatomic molecules,Van Nostrand,New York, 1966 | |
| 1974Hel/Hel(II/6) | Hellwege, KH and AM Hellwege (eds.). Landolt-Bornstein: Group II: Volume 6 Molecular Constants from Microwave, Molecular Beam, and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Springer-Verlag. Berlin. 1974. | 10.1007/b19951 |
| 1976Bur/Mic:223 | PD Burrow, JA Michejda "Electron Transmission Study of the Formaldehyde Electron Affinity" Chem. Phys. Lett. 42(2) 223, 1976 | 10.1016/0009-2614(76)80351-X |
| 1982Nak/Kon:3860 | T Nakanaga, S Kondo, S Saeki "Infrared band intensities of formaldehyde and formaldehyde-d2" J. Chem. Phys. 76(8) 3860, 1982 | 10.1063/1.443527 |
| 1997Oln/Can:59 | TN Olney, NM Cann, G Cooper, CE Brion, Absolute scale determination for photoabsorption spectra and the calculation of molecular properties using dipole sum-rules, Chem. Phys. 223 (1997) 59-98 | 10.1016/S0301-0104(97)00145-6 |
| 2003The/Cal:8910-8915 | P Theule´ , A Callegari, TR Rizzo, JS Muenter "Fluorescence detected microwave Stark effect measurements in excited vibrational states of H2CO" J. Chem. Phys. 119, 8910 (2003) | 10.1063/1.1614771 |
| 2008Sch/Mei:44 | A.M. Schulenburg, M. Meisinger, P.P. Radi, F. Merkt "The formaldehyde cation: Rovibrational energy level structure and Coriolis interaction near the adiabatic ionization threshold" J. Molecular Spectroscopy 250 (2008) 44 - 50 | 10.1016/j.jms.2008.04.005 |
| Gurvich | Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I. V.; Alcock, C. B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fouth Edition, Hemisphere Pub. Co., New York, 1989 | |
| webbook | NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) | 10.18434/T4D303 |
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