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Experimental data for NH2CONH2 (Urea)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
Alphadrate; Aqua Care; Aquacare HP; Aquadrate; Benural 70; B-I-K; Calmurid; Carbaderm; Carbamide; Carbamide resin; Carbamimidic acid; Carbonyl Diamine; Carbonyldiamide; Isourea; Keratinamin; Mocovina; Pastaron; Prespersion, 75 urea; Pseudourea; Supercel 3000; Ureaphil; Urevert; Urea; Varioform ii; Ultra Mide; UR; Urepearl; Urea-13C; Ureophil;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4) XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC(N)=O Urea
InChI=1/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)/f/h2-3H2 XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UBUOBULFNA-N NC(N)=O Urea
State Conformation
1A C2
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation -237.10   kJ mol-1 TRC
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation -220.70   kJ mol-1 TRC
Entropy (298.15K) entropy 277.90   J K-1 mol-1 TRC
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity 14.59   kJ mol-1 TRC
Heat Capacity (298.15K) heat capacity 71.52   J K-1 mol-1 webbook
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 A1 3545   1993Vij/Sat:245       NH stretch
2 A1 3440   1993Vij/Sat:245       NH stretch
3 A1 1740   1993Vij/Sat:245      
4 A1 1590   1993Vij/Sat:245      
5 A1 1145   1993Vij/Sat:245      
6 A1 940   1993Vij/Sat:245      
7 A1 479   1993Vij/Sat:245       renumbered for comparisons
8 A2 555   1993Vij/Sat:245       renumbered for comparisons
9 A2 233   1993Vij/Sat:245      
10 B1 785   1993Vij/Sat:245       renumbered for comparisons
11 B1 580   1993Vij/Sat:245       renumbered for comparisons
12 B1 500   1993Vij/Sat:245       renumbered for comparisons
13 B2 3535   1993Vij/Sat:245       renumbered for comparisons NH stretch
14 B2 3440   1993Vij/Sat:245       renumbered for comparisons NH stretch
15 B2 1590   1993Vij/Sat:245       renumbered for comparisons
16 B2 1393   1993Vij/Sat:245       renumbered for comparisons
17 B2 1004   1993Vij/Sat:245       renumbered for comparisons
18 B2 543   1993Vij/Sat:245       renumbered for comparisons

vibrational zero-point energy: 13518.5 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for NH2CONH2 (Urea).
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
0.37470 0.34589 0.18068 1997God/Bro:405

Calculated rotational constants for NH2CONH2 (Urea).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
204580.3amu3Å6   9.36767665781625E-115gm3 cm6
Geometric Data
picture of Urea

Point Group C2v


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rCO 1.221   1 2 1997God/Bro:405
rCN 1.378   1 3 1997God/Bro:405
rNH 0.998   4 8 1997God/Bro:405 pointing away from O
rNH 1.021   4 7 1997God/Bro:405
aNCN 114.71 3 1 4 1997God/Bro:405
aNCO 122.64 2 1 3 1997God/Bro:405
aHNC 119.21 1 3 6 1997God/Bro:405 pointing away from O
aHNC 112.78 1 3 5 1997God/Bro:405
aHNH 118.61 5 3 6 1997God/Bro:405
dNCNO 180 3 1 4 2 1997God/Bro:405
dHNCO 156.9 2 1 3 6 1997God/Bro:405 H pointing away from O
dHNCO 10.8 2 1 3 5 1997God/Bro:405

Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.0000 0.0000 0.1360
O2 0.0000 0.0000 1.3571
N3 -0.1024 1.1558 -0.6072
N4 0.1024 -1.1558 -0.6072
H5 0.0000 1.9999 -0.0416
H6 0.2399 1.1640 -1.5444
H7 0.0000 -1.9999 -0.0416
H8 -0.2399 -1.1640 -1.5444

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
  C1 O2 N3 N4 H5 H6 H7 H8
C1   1.22111.37791.37792.00782.05822.00782.0582
O2 1.2211   2.28142.28142.44053.13552.44053.1355
N3 1.37792.2814   2.32061.02120.99783.20762.5057
N4 1.37792.28142.3206   3.20762.50571.02120.9978
H5 2.00782.44051.02123.2076   1.73633.99983.5108
H6 2.05823.13550.99782.50571.7363   3.51082.3769
H7 2.00782.44053.20761.02123.99983.5108   1.7363
H8 2.05823.13552.50570.99783.51082.37691.7363  

Calculated geometries for NH2CONH2 (Urea).

Experimental Bond Angles (degrees) from cartesians bond angles

atom1 atom2 atom3 angle         atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 N3 H5 112.780 C1 N3 H6 119.210
C1 N4 H7 112.780 C1 N4 H8 119.210
O2 C1 N3 122.640 O2 C1 N4 122.640
N3 C1 N4 114.720 H5 N3 H6 118.620
H7 N4 H8 118.620

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
C=O 1
C-N 2
H-N 4

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
C1 O2
C1 N3
C1 N4
N3 H5
N3 H6
N4 H7
N4 H8
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1   1A

Ionization Energies (eV)
Ionization Energy I.E. unc. vertical I.E. v.I.E. unc. reference
9.700   10.280   webbook

Proton Affinity (kJ mol-1)
Proton Affinity unc. Product reference comment
868.4 2.5 H2NCOHNH2+ webbook  
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A C2 False       3.830 1975Bro/God:445   C2 1 3
1 2 1A' Cs False           Cs 2 3
1 3 1A1 C2v True           C2v 1 2
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for NH2CONH2 (Urea).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A C2 False       C2 1 3
1 2 1A' Cs False       Cs 2 3
1 3 1A1 C2v True       C2v 1 2

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for NH2CONH2 (Urea).

References
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squib reference DOI
1975Bro/God:445 RD Brown, PD Godfrey, J Storey "The Microwave Spectrum of Urea" J. Molec. Spect. 58, 445-450 (1975) 10.1016/0022-2852(75)90224-6
1993Vij/Sat:245 Vijay and Sathyanarayana. Ab initio study of the force field, geometry and vibrational assignment of urea. J. Mol. Struct. Vol. 295. pgs. 245-258. 10.1016/0022-2860(93)85024-O
1997God/Bro:405 Godfrey, P., Brown, R., Hunter, A., The Shape of Urea, J. of Mol. Struct., V413-414,(1997), pgs. 405-414 10.1016/S0022-2860(97)00176-2
TRC Frenkel, M; Marsh, K.N.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Kabo, G.J.; Roganov, G.N.,Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State,Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, TX, 1994  
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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