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Experimental data for C6H6 (Benzene)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
[6]Annulene; Benzeen; Benzen; Benzene; Benzin; Benzine; Benzol; Benzole; Benzolene; Benzolo; Bicarburet of hydrogen; Carbon oil; Coal naphtha; Cyclohexatriene; Fenzen; Mineral naphtha; Motor benzol; Nitration benzene; Phene; Phenyl hydride; Pyrobenzol; Pyrobenzole;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=CC=C1 Benzene
State Conformation
1A1g D6H
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation 82.93 0.50 kJ mol-1 TRC
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation 100.40 0.50 kJ mol-1 TRC
Entropy (298.15K) entropy 269.30   J K-1 mol-1 TRC
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity 14.33   kJ mol-1 TRC
Heat Capacity (298.15K) heat capacity 82.44   J K-1 mol-1 webbook
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 A1g 3062   Shim      
2 A1g 992   Shim      
3 A2g 1326   Shim      
4 A2u 673   Shim      
5 B1u 3068   Shim      
6 B1u 1010   Shim      
7 B2g 995   Shim      
8 B2g 703   Shim      
9 B2u 1310   Shim      
10 B2u 1150   Shim      
11 E1g 849   Shim      
12 E1u 3063   Shim      
13 E1u 1486   Shim      
14 E1u 1038   Shim      
15 E2g 3047   Shim      
16 E2g 1596   Shim      
17 E2g 1178   Shim      
18 E2g 606   Shim      
19 E2u 975   Shim      
20 E2u 410   Shim      

vibrational zero-point energy: 21392.5 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for C6H6 (Benzene).
Gas-phase IR spectra can be found in the NIST Chemistry Webbook here.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
0.18960 0.18960 0.09480 1966Herzberg

Calculated rotational constants for C6H6 (Benzene).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
1405739amu3Å6   6.4368378031935E-114gm3 cm6
Geometric Data
picture of Benzene

Point Group D6h


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rCC 1.397   1 2 1966Herzberg
rCH 1.084   1 7 1966Herzberg
aCCC 120 1 2 3 1966Herzberg
aHCC 120 1 2 8 1966Herzberg

Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.0000 1.3970 0.0000
C2 1.2098 0.6985 0.0000
C3 1.2098 -0.6985 0.0000
C4 0.0000 -1.3970 0.0000
C5 -1.2098 -0.6985 0.0000
C6 -1.2098 0.6985 0.0000
H7 0.0000 2.4810 0.0000
H8 2.1486 1.2405 0.0000
H9 2.1486 -1.2405 0.0000
H10 0.0000 -2.4810 0.0000
H11 -2.1486 -1.2405 0.0000
H12 -2.1486 1.2405 0.0000

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
  C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C1   1.39702.41972.79402.41971.39701.08402.15433.40193.87803.40192.1543
C2 1.3970   1.39702.41972.79402.41972.15431.08402.15433.40193.87803.4019
C3 2.41971.3970   1.39702.41972.79403.40192.15431.08402.15433.40193.8780
C4 2.79402.41971.3970   1.39702.41973.87803.40192.15431.08402.15433.4019
C5 2.41972.79402.41971.3970   1.39703.40193.87803.40192.15431.08402.1543
C6 1.39702.41972.79402.41971.3970   2.15433.40193.87803.40192.15431.0840
H7 1.08402.15433.40193.87803.40192.1543   2.48104.29724.96204.29722.4810
H8 2.15431.08402.15433.40193.87803.40192.4810   2.48104.29724.96204.2972
H9 3.40192.15431.08402.15433.40193.87804.29722.4810   2.48104.29724.9620
H10 3.87803.40192.15431.08402.15433.40194.96204.29722.4810   2.48104.2972
H11 3.40193.87803.40192.15431.08402.15434.29724.96204.29722.4810   2.4810
H12 2.15433.40193.87803.40192.15431.08402.48104.29724.96204.29722.4810  

Calculated geometries for C6H6 (Benzene).

Experimental Bond Angles (degrees) from cartesians bond angles

atom1 atom2 atom3 angle         atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 120.000 C1 C2 H8 120.000
C1 C6 C5 120.000 C1 C6 H12 120.000
C2 C1 C6 120.000 C2 C1 H7 120.000
C2 C3 C4 120.000 C2 C3 H9 120.000
C3 C2 H8 120.000 C3 C4 C5 120.000
C3 C4 H10 120.000 C4 C3 H9 120.000
C4 C5 C6 120.000 C4 C5 H11 120.000
C5 C4 H10 120.000 C5 C6 H12 120.000
C6 C1 H7 120.000 C6 C5 H11 120.000

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
C:C 6
H-C 6

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
C1 C2
C1 C6
C1 H7
C2 C3
C2 H8
C3 C4
C3 H9
C4 C5
C4 H10
C5 C6
C5 H11
C6 H12
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1   1A1g

Ionization Energies (eV)
Ionization Energy I.E. unc. vertical I.E. v.I.E. unc. reference
9.244 0.000 9.250   webbook

Proton Affinity (kJ mol-1)
Proton Affinity unc. Product reference comment
750.4   C6H7+ webbook  
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A1g D6h True       0.000 NSRDS-NBS10   D6h 0 1
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for C6H6 (Benzene).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A1g D6h True 4.350 4.350 -8.700 1981Bat/Buc:421 +-0.5 D6h 0 1

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for C6H6 (Benzene).
Electric dipole polarizability (Å3) polarizability
alpha unc. Reference
9.959   1998Gus/Rui:163

Calculated electric dipole polarizability for C6H6 (Benzene).

References
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squib reference DOI
1966Herzberg Herzberg, G., Electronic spectra and electronic structure of polyatomic molecules,Van Nostrand,New York, 1966  
1981Bat/Buc:421 MR Battaglia, AD Buckingham, JH Williams "The electric quadrupole moments of benzene and hexafluorobenzene" Chem. Phys. Lett. 78, 421, 1981 10.1016/0009-2614(81)85228-1
1998Gus/Rui:163 M Gussoni, R Rui, G Zerbi "Electronic and relaxation contribution to linear molecular polarizability. An analysis of the experimental values" J. Mol. Struct. 447 (1998) 163-215 10.1016/S0022-2860(97)00292-5
NSRDS-NBS10 R. D. Nelson Jr., D. R. Lide, A. A. Maryott "Selected Values of electric dipole moments for molecules in the gas phase" NSRDS-NBS10, 1967 10.6028/NBS.NSRDS.10
Shim Shimanouchi, T. , Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies, Consolidated Volu 10.6028/NBS.NSRDS.39
TRC Frenkel, M; Marsh, K.N.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Kabo, G.J.; Roganov, G.N.,Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State,Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, TX, 1994  
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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