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Experimental data for C2H6 (Ethane)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
Bimethyl; Dimethyl; Ethane; Ethyl hydride; Methylmethane;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/C2H6/c1-2/h1-2H3 OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC Ethane
State Conformation
1A1g D3D
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation -84.00 0.40 kJ mol-1 Gurvich
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation -68.38 0.40 kJ mol-1 Gurvich
Entropy (298.15K) entropy 229.16 0.10 J K-1 mol-1 Gurvich
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity 11.88   kJ mol-1 Gurvich
Heat Capacity (298.15K) heat capacity 52.49   J K-1 mol-1 Gurvich
Barrier to Internal Rotation 12.2   kJ mol-1 Gurvich V3=1024 cm-1
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 A1g 2954   Shim       CH3 s-stretch
2 A1g 1388   Shim       CH3 s-deform
3 A1g 995   Shim       CC stretch
4 A1u 289   Shim       torsion
5 A2u 2896   Shim 47.8   1982vibint CH3 s-stretch
6 A2u 1379   Shim 4.0   1982vibint CH3 s-deform
7 Eg 2969   Shim       CH3 d-stretch
8 Eg 1468   Shim       CH3 d-deform
9 Eg 1190   Shim       CH3 rock
10 Eu 2985   Shim 122.3   1982vibint CH3 d-stretch
11 Eu 1469   Shim 13.3   1982vibint CH3 d-deform
12 Eu 822   Shim 6.1   1982vibint CH3 rock

vibrational zero-point energy: 15853.5 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for C2H6 (Ethane).
Gas-phase IR spectra can be found in the NIST Chemistry Webbook here.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
2.51967 0.68341 0.68341 1998Kuc From Structure

Calculated rotational constants for C2H6 (Ethane).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
4070.847amu3Å6   1.86402951984082E-116gm3 cm6
Geometric Data
picture of Ethane

Point Group D3d


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rCC 1.536   1 2 1966Herzberg
rCH 1.091   1 3 1966Herzberg
aHCH 108 3 1 4 1966Herzberg
aHCC 110.91 1 2 6 1966Herzberg by symmetry

Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.0000 0.0000 0.7680
C2 0.0000 0.0000 -0.7680
H3 -1.0192 0.0000 1.1573
H4 0.5096 0.8826 1.1573
H5 0.5096 -0.8826 1.1573
H6 1.0192 0.0000 -1.1573
H7 -0.5096 -0.8826 -1.1573
H8 -0.5096 0.8826 -1.1573

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
  C1 C2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8
C1   1.53601.09101.09101.09102.17842.17842.1784
C2 1.5360   2.17842.17842.17841.09101.09101.0910
H3 1.09102.1784   1.76531.76533.08422.52902.5290
H4 1.09102.17841.7653   1.76532.52903.08422.5290
H5 1.09102.17841.76531.7653   2.52902.52903.0842
H6 2.17841.09103.08422.52902.5290   1.76531.7653
H7 2.17841.09102.52903.08422.52901.7653   1.7653
H8 2.17841.09102.52902.52903.08421.76531.7653  

Calculated geometries for C2H6 (Ethane).

Experimental Bond Angles (degrees) from cartesians bond angles

atom1 atom2 atom3 angle         atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 H6 110.905 C1 C2 H7 110.905
C1 C2 H8 110.905 C2 C1 H3 110.905
C2 C1 H4 110.905 C2 C1 H5 110.905
H3 C1 H4 108.000 H3 C1 H5 108.000
H4 C1 H5 108.000 H6 C2 H7 108.000
H6 C2 H8 108.000 H7 C2 H8 108.000

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
C-C 1
H-C 6

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
C1 C2
C1 H3
C1 H4
C1 H5
C2 H6
C2 H7
C2 H8
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1   1A1g

Ionization Energies (eV)
Ionization Energy I.E. unc. vertical I.E. v.I.E. unc. reference
11.520 0.040 11.990   webbook

Proton Affinity (kJ mol-1)
Proton Affinity unc. Product reference comment
596.3   C2H7+ webbook  
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A1g D3d True       0.000 NSRDS-NBS10   D3d 0 1
1 2 1A1' D3h False           D3h 0 1
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for C2H6 (Ethane).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A1g D3d True 0.336 0.336 -0.673 2000Rus/Spa:867 D3d 0 1
1 2 1A1' D3h False       D3h 0 1

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for C2H6 (Ethane).
Electric dipole polarizability (Å3) polarizability
alpha unc. Reference
4.226   1997Oln/Can:59

Calculated electric dipole polarizability for C2H6 (Ethane).

References
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squib reference DOI
1966Herzberg Herzberg, G., Electronic spectra and electronic structure of polyatomic molecules,Van Nostrand,New York, 1966  
1982vibint "Vibrational Intensities in Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy" WB Person, G Zerbi, ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982  
1997Oln/Can:59 TN Olney, NM Cann, G Cooper, CE Brion, Absolute scale determination for photoabsorption spectra and the calculation of molecular properties using dipole sum-rules, Chem. Phys. 223 (1997) 59-98 10.1016/S0301-0104(97)00145-6
1998Kuc K Kuchitsu(ed) "Structure of Free Polyatomic Molecules - Basic Data" Springer, Berlin, 1998 10.1007/978-3-642-45748-7 
2000Rus/Spa:867 AJ Russell, MA Spackman, "An ab initio study of vibrational corrections to the electrical properties of ethane" Mol. Phys. 2000, 98, 867-874 10.1080/00268970050025475
Gurvich Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I. V.; Alcock, C. B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fouth Edition, Hemisphere Pub. Co., New York, 1989  
NSRDS-NBS10 R. D. Nelson Jr., D. R. Lide, A. A. Maryott "Selected Values of electric dipole moments for molecules in the gas phase" NSRDS-NBS10, 1967 10.6028/NBS.NSRDS.10
Shim Shimanouchi, T. , Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies, Consolidated Volu 10.6028/NBS.NSRDS.39
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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