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Experimental data for CH3CHO (Acetaldehyde)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
Acetaldehyd; Acetaldehyde; Acetaldeyde; Acetic aldehyde; Acetylaldehyde; Aldehyde acetique; Aldeide acetica; Ethanal; Ethyl aldehyde; Octowy aldehyd;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/C2H4O/c1-2-3/h2H,1H3 IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC=O Acetaldehyde
State Conformation
1A' CS
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation -170.70 1.50 kJ mol-1 webbook
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation -160.20 1.50 kJ mol-1 webbook
Entropy (298.15K) entropy 263.95   J K-1 mol-1 webbook
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity 12.73   kJ mol-1 2005Rus/Bog:573
Heat Capacity (298.15K) heat capacity 55.32   J K-1 mol-1 webbook
Barrier to Internal Rotation 4.9   kJ mol-1  
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 A' 3014   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
2 A' 2923   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
3 A' 2716   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
4 A' 1743   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
5 A' 1433   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
6 A' 1395   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
7 A' 1352   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
8 A' 1114   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
9 A' 867   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
10 A' 509   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
11 A" 2964   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
12 A" 1431   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
13 A" 1102   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
14 A" 764   1971HOL/GUN:2027      
15 A" 150   1971HOL/GUN:2027      

vibrational zero-point energy: 11738.5 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for CH3CHO (Acetaldehyde).
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
1.88770 0.33901 0.30354 1966Herzberg

Calculated rotational constants for CH3CHO (Acetaldehyde).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
24661.99amu3Å6   1.12926571690781E-115gm3 cm6
Geometric Data
picture of Acetaldehyde

Point Group Cs


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rCC 1.501   1 2 1971HOL/GUN:2027
rCO 1.216   1 3 1971HOL/GUN:2027
rCH 1.086   2 5 1971HOL/GUN:2027 in CH3 group
rCH 1.114   1 4 1971HOL/GUN:2027 in CHO group
aCCO 123.9 2 1 3 1971HOL/GUN:2027
aHCH 108.3 5 2 6 1971HOL/GUN:2027
aHCC 117.5 2 1 4 1971HOL/GUN:2027

Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
 

Calculated geometries for CH3CHO (Acetaldehyde).

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
C-C 1
C=O 1
H-C 4

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
C1 C2
C1 O3
C1 H4
C2 H5
C2 H6
C2 H7
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1   1A'

Ionization Energies (eV)
Ionization Energy I.E. unc. vertical I.E. v.I.E. unc. reference
10.229 0.001 10.240   webbook

Electron Affinity (eV)
Electron Affinity unc. reference
0.000   webbook

Proton Affinity (kJ mol-1)
Proton Affinity unc. Product reference comment
768.5   CH3CHOH+ webbook  
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A' Cs True 2.537 1.062   2.750 1978Tur/Cox:533-559 MW x=a, y=b μ0 ± 0.006 D Cs 2 3
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for CH3CHO (Acetaldehyde).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A' Cs True -1.200 0.200 1.000 1971Fly/Ben:225 Qxx=-1.2+-1.5, Qyy=1.0+-0.9, Qzz=0.2+-1.8 Cs 2 3

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for CH3CHO (Acetaldehyde).
Electric dipole polarizability (Å3) polarizability
alpha unc. Reference
4.278   1997Oln/Can:59

Calculated electric dipole polarizability for CH3CHO (Acetaldehyde).

References
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squib reference DOI
1966Herzberg Herzberg, G., Electronic spectra and electronic structure of polyatomic molecules,Van Nostrand,New York, 1966  
1971Fly/Ben:225 WH Flygare, RC Benson "The molecular Zeeman effect in diamagnetic molecules and the determination of molecular magnetic moments (g values), magnetic susceptibilities, and molecular quadrupole moments" Mol. Phys. 1971, 20 (2), 225-250 10.1080/00268977100100221
1971HOL/GUN:2027 H. Hollenstien, Hs. H. Gunthard, "Solid State and gas infrared spectra and normal coordinate analysis of 5 isotopic species of acetaldehyde" Spec. Acta 27A, 2027 (1971) 10.1016/0584-8539(71)80102-2
1978Tur/Cox:533-559 PH Turner, AP Cox "Microwave spectrum, structure, dipole moment and centrifugal distortion of nitrosomethane. Dipole moment of acetaldehyde" J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2, 1978,74, 533-559 10.1039/F29787400533
1997Oln/Can:59 TN Olney, NM Cann, G Cooper, CE Brion, Absolute scale determination for photoabsorption spectra and the calculation of molecular properties using dipole sum-rules, Chem. Phys. 223 (1997) 59-98 10.1016/S0301-0104(97)00145-6
2005Rus/Bog:573 B Ruscic, JE Boggs, A Burcat, AG Csaszar, J Demaison, R Janoschek, JML Martin, ML Morton, MJ Rossi, JF Stanton, PG Szalay, PR Westmoreland, F Zabel, T Berces "IUPAC Critical Evaluation of Thermochemical Properties of Selected Radicals. Part I" J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2005, 573 10.1063/1.1724828
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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