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Experimental data for Cl2 (Chlorine diatomic)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
Bertholite; Chloor; Chlor; Chlore; Chlorine; Chlorine mol.; Cloro; Molecular chlorine; dichlorine;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/Cl2/c1-2 KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClCl dichlorine
State Conformation
1Σg D*H
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation 0.00 0.00 kJ mol-1 CODATA
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation 0.00 0.00 kJ mol-1 CODATA
Entropy (298.15K) entropy 223.08   J K-1 mol-1 CODATA
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity 9.18 0.00 kJ mol-1 CODATA
Heat Capacity (298.15K) heat capacity 33.95   J K-1 mol-1 Gurvich
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 Σg 554 560 VEEL5      

Detailed diatomic data
ωe ωexe ωeye Be αe ZPE reference
559.751 2.69427 -0.0033253 0.24415 0.001516 279.2222 2007Iri:389

vibrational zero-point energy: 277.2 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for Cl2 (Chlorine diatomic).
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
  0.24399   1979HUB/HER

Calculated rotational constants for Cl2 (Chlorine diatomic).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
69.09148amu Å2   1.147309E-38gm cm2
Geometric Data
picture of Chlorine diatomic

Point Group D∞h


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rClCl 1.988   1 2 1979HUB/HER re

Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
Cl1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Cl2 0.0000 0.0000 1.9879

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
  Cl1 Cl2
Cl1   1.9879
Cl2 1.9879  

Calculated geometries for Cl2 (Chlorine diatomic).

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
Cl-Cl 1

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
Cl1 Cl2
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1 1979HUB/HER 1Σg

Ionization Energies (eV)
Ionization Energy I.E. unc. vertical I.E. v.I.E. unc. reference
11.481 0.003 11.490   webbook

Electron Affinity (eV)
Electron Affinity unc. reference
2.500 0.200 webbook

Proton Affinity (kJ mol-1)
Proton Affinity unc. Product reference comment
549.8 4.2 Cl2H+ 1998Cac/deP:10560  
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1Σg D∞h True       0.000 NSRDS-NBS10   D∞h 0 1
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for Cl2 (Chlorine diatomic).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1Σg D∞h True -1.509 -1.509 3.019 1998Gra/Imr:49 10.07+-0.16 E-40 C m2 D∞h 0 1

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for Cl2 (Chlorine diatomic).
Electric dipole polarizability (Å3) polarizability
alpha unc. Reference
4.610   1997Oln/Can:59

Calculated electric dipole polarizability for Cl2 (Chlorine diatomic).

References
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squib reference DOI
1979HUB/HER Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979 10.1007/978-1-4757-0961-2
1997Oln/Can:59 TN Olney, NM Cann, G Cooper, CE Brion, Absolute scale determination for photoabsorption spectra and the calculation of molecular properties using dipole sum-rules, Chem. Phys. 223 (1997) 59-98 10.1016/S0301-0104(97)00145-6
1998Cac/deP:10560 F Cacace, G dePetris, F Pepi, M Rosi, A Sgamellotti "Elemental Chlorine and Chlorine Fluoride: Theoretical and Experimental Proton Affinity and the Gas Phase Chemistry of Cl2H+ and FClH+ Ions" J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 10560-10567 10.1021/jp9831379
1998Gra/Imr:49 C Graham, DA Imrie, RE Raab "Measurement of the electric quadrupole moments of CO2, CO, N2, Cl2 and BF3" Mol. Phys. 93(1), 1998, 49-56 10.1080/002689798169429
2007Iri:389 KK Irikura "Experimental Vibrational Zero-Point Energies: Diatomic Molecules" J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 36(2), 389, 2007 10.1063/1.2436891
CODATA Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A.CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics. Hemisphere, New York, 1989 10.1002/bbpc.19900940121
Gurvich Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I. V.; Alcock, C. B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fouth Edition, Hemisphere Pub. Co., New York, 1989  
NSRDS-NBS10 R. D. Nelson Jr., D. R. Lide, A. A. Maryott "Selected Values of electric dipole moments for molecules in the gas phase" NSRDS-NBS10, 1967 10.6028/NBS.NSRDS.10
VEEL5 M.E. Jacox, Vibrational and Electronic Energy Levels of Polyatomic Transient Molecules, J. Phys. Chem.Ref. Data, Monograph 3 (1994) (updated data in NIST Chemistry Webbook - http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/  
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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