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Experimental data for SiH4 (Silane)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
Monosilane; Silane; Silicane; Silicon hydride; Silicon hydride (SiH4); Silicon tetrahydride;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/H4Si/h1H4 BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SiH4] Silane
State Conformation
1A1 TD
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation 34.70 1.50 kJ mol-1 Gurvich
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation 43.92 1.50 kJ mol-1 Gurvich
Entropy (298.15K) entropy 204.21   J K-1 mol-1 Gurvich
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity 10.53   kJ mol-1 Gurvich
Heat Capacity (298.15K) heat capacity 42.79   J K-1 mol-1 Gurvich
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 A1 2187   Shim       sym stretch
2 E 975   Shim       deg. deform
3 T2 2191   Shim 282.0 3.0 1994Coa/McK:269 deg. stretch
4 T2 914   Shim 381.0 4.0 1994Coa/McK:269 deg. deform

vibrational zero-point energy: 6726.0 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for SiH4 (Silane).
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
2.86509 2.86509 2.86509 1955Boyd:922 derived from r=1.4798

Calculated rotational constants for SiH4 (Silane).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
203.6934amu3Å6   9.32706468642334E-118gm3 cm6
Geometric Data
picture of Silane

Point Group Td


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rSiH 1.480 0.000 1 2 1955Boyd:922 +- 0.0004
aHSiH 109.47122 2 1 3 by symmetry

Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
Si1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H2 0.8544 0.8544 0.8544
H3 -0.8544 -0.8544 0.8544
H4 -0.8544 0.8544 -0.8544
H5 0.8544 -0.8544 -0.8544

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
  Si1 H2 H3 H4 H5
Si1   1.47981.47981.47981.4798
H2 1.4798   2.41652.41652.4165
H3 1.47982.4165   2.41652.4165
H4 1.47982.41652.4165   2.4165
H5 1.47982.41652.41652.4165  

Calculated geometries for SiH4 (Silane).

Experimental Bond Angles (degrees) from cartesians bond angles

atom1 atom2 atom3 angle         atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
H2 Si1 H3 109.471 H2 Si1 H4 109.471
H2 Si1 H5 109.471 H3 Si1 H4 109.471
H3 Si1 H5 109.471 H4 Si1 H5 109.471

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
H-Si 4

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
Si1 H2
Si1 H3
Si1 H4
Si1 H5
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1   1A1

Ionization Energies (eV)
Ionization Energy I.E. unc. vertical I.E. v.I.E. unc. reference
11.000 0.020 12.300   webbook
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A1 Td True       0.000 NSRDS-NBS10   Td 0 0
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for SiH4 (Silane).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A1 Td True       Td 0 0

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for SiH4 (Silane).
Electric dipole polarizability (Å3) polarizability
alpha unc. Reference
4.777   1997Oln/Can:59

Calculated electric dipole polarizability for SiH4 (Silane).

References
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squib reference DOI
1955Boyd:922 DRJ Boyd, "Infrared Spectrum of Trideuterosilane and the structure of the silane molecule" J. Chem. Phys. 23(5), 922, 1955 10.1063/1.1742148
1994Coa/McK:269 AM Coats, DC McKean, D Steele "Infrared Intensities of nu3 and nu4 in SiH4, GeH4, and SnH4" J. Mol. Struct. 320(1994) 269-280 10.1016/0022-2860(94)07974-9
1997Oln/Can:59 TN Olney, NM Cann, G Cooper, CE Brion, Absolute scale determination for photoabsorption spectra and the calculation of molecular properties using dipole sum-rules, Chem. Phys. 223 (1997) 59-98 10.1016/S0301-0104(97)00145-6
Gurvich Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I. V.; Alcock, C. B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fouth Edition, Hemisphere Pub. Co., New York, 1989  
NSRDS-NBS10 R. D. Nelson Jr., D. R. Lide, A. A. Maryott "Selected Values of electric dipole moments for molecules in the gas phase" NSRDS-NBS10, 1967 10.6028/NBS.NSRDS.10
Shim Shimanouchi, T. , Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies, Consolidated Volu 10.6028/NBS.NSRDS.39
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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