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Experimental data for C4H6 (Cyclobutene)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
Cyclobutene;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/C4H6/c1-2-4-3-1/h1-2H,3-4H2 CFBGXYDUODCMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CCC1 Cyclobutene
State Conformation
1A1 C2V
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation 156.70 1.50 kJ mol-1 1970COX/PIL
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation 173.80 1.50 kJ mol-1 1970COX/PIL
Entropy (298.15K) entropy 262.07   J K-1 mol-1 TRC
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity 12.56   kJ mol-1 TRC
Heat Capacity (298.15K) heat capacity 64.41   J K-1 mol-1 TRC
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 A1 3060   1974sve/kov      
2 A1 2935   1974sve/kov      
3 A1 1570   1974sve/kov      
4 A1 1450   1974sve/kov      
5 A1 1276   1974sve/kov      
6 A1 1186   1974sve/kov      
7 A1 1113   1974sve/kov      
8 A1 886   1974sve/kov      
9 A2 2955   1974sve/kov      
10 A2 1276   1974sve/kov      
11 A2 1081   1974sve/kov      
12 A2 850   1974sve/kov      
13 A2 325   1974sve/kov      
14 B1 2955   1974sve/kov      
15 B1 1074   1974sve/kov      
16 B1 846   1974sve/kov      
17 B1 635   1974sve/kov      
18 B2 3047   1974sve/kov      
19 B2 2916   1974sve/kov      
20 B2 1427   1974sve/kov      
21 B2 1294   1974sve/kov      
22 B2 1214   1974sve/kov      
23 B2 888   1974sve/kov      
24 B2 740   1974sve/kov      

vibrational zero-point energy: 18499.5 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for C4H6 (Cyclobutene).
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
0.43006 0.40782 0.22737 NISThydrocarbon

Calculated rotational constants for C4H6 (Cyclobutene).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
120134.3amu3Å6   5.50091438537437E-115gm3 cm6
Geometric Data
picture of Cyclobutene

Point Group C2v


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rCC 1.342   1 2 1979Har/Lau:619
rCC 1.517   1 3 1979Har/Lau:619 =C to C
rCC 1.566   3 4 1979Har/Lau:619
rCH 1.083   1 5 1979Har/Lau:619 single H
rCH 1.094   3 7 1979Har/Lau:619 double H
aCCC 94.2 1 2 4 1979Har/Lau:619
aCCC 85.8 1 3 4 1979Har/Lau:619
aHCC 133.5 1 2 6 1979Har/Lau:619
aHCH 109.2 7 3 9 1979Har/Lau:619
aHCC 114.5 2 4 8 1979Har/Lau:619

Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.0000 0.6710 0.8107
C2 0.0000 -0.6710 0.8107
C3 0.0000 0.7821 -0.7023
C4 0.0000 -0.7821 -0.7023
H5 0.0000 1.4165 1.5962
H6 0.0000 -1.4165 1.5962
H7 0.8986 1.2425 -1.1233
H8 -0.8986 -1.2425 -1.1233
H9 -0.8986 1.2425 -1.1233
H10 0.8986 -1.2425 -1.1233

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
  C1 C2 C3 C4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10
C1   1.34201.51702.09771.08302.23042.20782.86522.20782.8652
C2 1.3420   2.09771.51702.23041.08302.86522.20782.86522.2078
C3 1.51702.0977   1.56422.38443.18071.09402.25481.09402.2548
C4 2.09771.51701.5642   3.18072.38442.25481.09402.25481.0940
H5 1.08302.23042.38443.1807   2.83302.86953.90822.86953.9082
H6 2.23041.08303.18072.38442.8330   3.90822.86953.90822.8695
H7 2.20782.86521.09402.25482.86953.9082   3.06691.79732.4851
H8 2.86522.20782.25481.09403.90822.86953.0669   2.48511.7973
H9 2.20782.86521.09402.25482.86953.90821.79732.4851   3.0669
H10 2.86522.20782.25481.09403.90822.86952.48511.79733.0669  

Calculated geometries for C4H6 (Cyclobutene).

Experimental Bond Angles (degrees) from cartesians bond angles

atom1 atom2 atom3 angle         atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C4 94.200 C1 C2 H6 133.500
C1 C3 C4 85.800 C1 C3 H7 114.500
C1 C3 H9 114.500 C2 C1 C3 94.200
C2 C1 H5 133.500 C2 C4 C3 85.800
C2 C4 H8 114.500 C2 C4 H10 114.500
C3 C1 H5 132.300 C3 C4 H8 114.889
C3 C4 H10 114.889 C4 C2 H6 132.300
C4 C3 H7 114.889 C4 C3 H9 114.889
H7 C3 H9 110.453 H8 C4 H10 110.453

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
C=C 1
C-C 3
H-C 6

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
C1 C2
C1 C3
C1 H5
C2 C4
C2 H6
C3 C4
C3 H7
C3 H9
C4 H8
C4 H10
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1   1A1

Ionization Energies (eV)
Ionization Energy I.E. unc. vertical I.E. v.I.E. unc. reference
9.430 0.020 9.430 0.030 webbook
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A1 C2v True       0.132 NSRDS-NBS10 MW C2v 1 2
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for C4H6 (Cyclobutene).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A1 C2v True -1.300 1.600 -0.300 1971Fly/Ben:225 Qxx=-0.3+-0.6, Qyy=1.6+-0.7, Qzz=-1.3+-1.0 C2v 1 2

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for C4H6 (Cyclobutene).

References
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squib reference DOI
1970COX/PIL J.D. Cox, G. Pilcher, "Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds" Academic Press, London, 1970 10.1002/bbpc.19700740727
1971Fly/Ben:225 WH Flygare, RC Benson "The molecular Zeeman effect in diamagnetic molecules and the determination of molecular magnetic moments (g values), magnetic susceptibilities, and molecular quadrupole moments" Mol. Phys. 1971, 20 (2), 225-250 10.1080/00268977100100221
1974sve/kov L.M. Sverdlov, M. A. Kovner, E. P. Krainov, "Vibrational Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules" Wiley, New York 1974  
1979Har/Lau:619 Harmony, Laurie, Kuczkowski, et.al., Molecular structures of gas-phase polyatomic molecules determined by spectroscopic methods, J. of Phys. And Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 8, #3, pgs. 619-722 10.1063/1.555605
NISThydrocarbon NIST Hydrocarbon spectral database (http://www.physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/MolSpec/Hydro/index.html) 10.18434/T4PC70
NSRDS-NBS10 R. D. Nelson Jr., D. R. Lide, A. A. Maryott "Selected Values of electric dipole moments for molecules in the gas phase" NSRDS-NBS10, 1967 10.6028/NBS.NSRDS.10
TRC Frenkel, M; Marsh, K.N.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Kabo, G.J.; Roganov, G.N.,Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State,Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, TX, 1994  
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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