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Comparison of levels of theory for Ge-Ge


Click on an entry for a histogram of the values.
The subscript refers to how many bonds of that type have been calculated.
average calculated bond lengths (Å)
Methods with predefined basis sets
semi-empirical PM6 2.1902
1
composite G2 2.3423
2
G3 2.3619
1
G3B3 2.4313
2
G4 2.4026
1
CBS-Q 2.3222
1

average calculated bond lengths (Å)
Methods with standard basis sets
STO-3G 3-21G 3-21G* 6-31G 6-31G* 6-31G** 6-31+G** 6-311G* 6-311G** 6-31G(2df,p) 6-311+G(3df,2p) TZVP cc-pVDZ cc-pVTZ cc-pVQZ aug-cc-pVDZ aug-cc-pVTZ aug-cc-pVQZ daug-cc-pVTZ
hartree fock HF 2.1453
1
2.4266
1
2.3501
1
2.3655
1
2.3423
2
2.3258
1
2.3353
1
2.3542
1
2.3542
1
2.3087
1
  2.3550
1
2.3530
1
2.3528
1
2.3518
1
2.3554
1
2.3531
1
2.3514
1
2.3696
2
ROHF   2.4412
2
2.3653
2
2.3778
2
2.3423
2
2.3423
2
2.3527
2
2.3718
2
2.3718
2
    2.3705
2
2.3685
2
2.3690
2
2.3681
2
2.3718
2
2.3697
2
2.3678
2
 
density functional LSDA 1.9597
1
  2.3763
1
2.3869
1
2.3553
1
2.3553
1
2.3659
1
2.3832
1
2.3832
1
2.3268
1
  2.3843
1
2.3899
1
2.3771
1
  2.3869
1
2.3757
1
   
BLYP 1.9831
1
2.3179
1
2.4394
1
2.2937
1
2.3122
2
2.4270
1
2.4364
1
2.4558
1
2.4558
1
2.3941
1
  2.4557
1
2.4616
1
2.4491
1
         
B1B95 1.8526
2
  2.3339
2
2.4000
2
2.3052
2
2.3052
2
2.3180
2
2.3385
2
2.3385
2
2.2773
2
  2.3368
2
2.3372
2
2.3346
2
  2.3384
2
2.3346
2
   
B3LYP 1.9078
2
2.4848
2
2.4146
2
2.4319
2
2.3983
2
2.3983
2
2.4087
2
2.4271
2
2.4271
2
2.3679
2
  2.4260
2
2.4299
2
2.4205
2
2.4196
2
2.4284
2
2.4197
2
2.4183
2
 
B3LYPultrafine         2.3988
2
                      2.4032
1
   
B3PW91 2.0050
1
2.4640
1
2.2774
1
2.4031
1
2.2437
1
2.2437
1
2.2577
1
2.2761
1
2.2761
1
2.2160
1
  2.2747
1
2.2784
1
2.2730
1
         
mPW1PW91 2.0122
1
2.4580
1
2.2721
1
2.3956
1
2.2377
1
2.2377
1
2.2516
1
2.2706
1
2.2706
1
2.2108
1
  2.3865
1
2.2708
1
2.2674
1
  2.3864
1
2.2677
1
   
M06-2X 2.0460
2
2.4645
2
2.3444
2
2.3968
2
2.3103
2
2.3103
2
2.3216
2
2.3434
2
2.3434
2
2.2889
2
2.3389
2
2.3502
2
2.3411
2
2.3465
2
  2.3427
2
2.3465
2
   
PBEPBE 1.9870
2
2.4143
2
2.4341
2
2.3662
2
2.4129
2
2.4129
2
2.4224
2
2.4424
2
2.4424
2
2.3798
2
  2.4419
2
2.4447
2
2.4367
2
  2.4428
2
2.4360
2
   
HSEh1PBE 1.9116
2
2.4743
2
2.3443
2
2.4134
2
2.3170
2
2.3170
2
2.3295
2
2.3480
2
2.3480
2
2.2881
2
  2.3464
2
2.3487
2
2.3439
2
  2.3500
2
2.3438
2
   
TPSSh         2.3207
2
  2.3318
2
    2.2911
2
      2.3448
2
         
wB97X-D     2.2267
2
  2.2160
2
  2.2222
2
  2.2301
2
    2.2283
2
2.2222
2
2.2295
2
    2.2298
2
   
B97D3   2.2773
2
    2.3533
2
  2.2548
2
  2.3245
2
  2.2454
2
2.2492
2
  2.3761
2
    2.3812
2
  2.3804
2
STO-3G 3-21G 3-21G* 6-31G 6-31G* 6-31G** 6-31+G** 6-311G* 6-311G** 6-31G(2df,p) 6-311+G(3df,2p) TZVP cc-pVDZ cc-pVTZ cc-pVQZ aug-cc-pVDZ aug-cc-pVTZ aug-cc-pVQZ daug-cc-pVTZ
Moller Plesset perturbation MP2 2.1902
1
2.5179
1
2.3923
1
2.4481
1
2.4107
2
2.3896
1
2.3986
1
2.4319
2
2.4114
1
2.3475
1
  2.3811
1
2.3986
1
2.3600
1
  2.3979
1
2.3604
1
2.3477
1
 
MP2=FULL 2.1853
1
2.5174
1
2.3877
1
2.4433
1
2.3750
1
2.3750
1
2.3849
1
2.3884
1
2.3884
1
2.2875
1
  2.3833
1
2.3936
1
2.3436
1
  2.3932
1
2.3542
2
   
ROMP2 2.1902
1
  2.3924
1
2.4486
1
2.3902
1
2.3902
1
2.3995
1
2.4119
1
2.4119
1
2.3480
1
  2.3810
1
2.3988
1
2.3599
1
  2.3983
1
     
MP3         2.4209
2
  2.4167
2
                       
MP3=FULL         2.4049
2
  2.4154
2
                       
MP4   2.5257
1
    2.4074
1
      2.4287
1
        2.3752
1
         
B2PLYP=FULLultrafine         2.3983
2
              2.4250
2
2.4038
2
    2.4009
2
   
Configuration interaction CID   2.4952
1
2.3810
1
2.4289
1
2.3768
1
    2.3963
1
                     
CISD   2.4974
1
2.3828
1
2.4310
1
2.3793
1
    2.3992
1
                     
STO-3G 3-21G 3-21G* 6-31G 6-31G* 6-31G** 6-31+G** 6-311G* 6-311G** 6-31G(2df,p) 6-311+G(3df,2p) TZVP cc-pVDZ cc-pVTZ cc-pVQZ aug-cc-pVDZ aug-cc-pVTZ aug-cc-pVQZ daug-cc-pVTZ
Quadratic configuration interaction QCISD   2.5429
2
2.4145
2
2.4679
2
2.4138
2
2.4138
2
2.4230
2
2.4346
2
2.4346
2
2.3617
2
  2.4092
2
2.4221
2
2.3806
2
  2.4217
2
2.3808
2
   
QCISD(T)         2.4066
1
            2.4046
1
2.4158
1
2.3771
1
  2.4153
1
2.3778
1
   
Coupled Cluster CCD   2.5366
2
2.4094
2
2.4622
2
2.4084
2
2.4084
2
2.4169
2
2.4273
2
2.4273
2
2.3563
2
  2.4029
2
2.4168
2
2.3750
2
  2.4160
2
2.3755
2
   
CCSD         2.3905
1
              2.4005
1
2.3623
1
         
CCSD(T)         2.4059
1
            2.4039
1
2.4152
1
2.3768
1
2.3717
1
2.4148
1
2.3775
1
2.3659
1
 
CCSD(T)=FULL         2.4153
2
            2.4302
2
2.4328
2
2.3822
2
2.3840
2
2.4331
2
2.3746
2
2.3720
2
 
STO-3G 3-21G 3-21G* 6-31G 6-31G* 6-31G** 6-31+G** 6-311G* 6-311G** 6-31G(2df,p) 6-311+G(3df,2p) TZVP cc-pVDZ cc-pVTZ cc-pVQZ aug-cc-pVDZ aug-cc-pVTZ aug-cc-pVQZ daug-cc-pVTZ

average calculated bond lengths (Å)
Methods with effective core potentials (select basis sets)
CEP-31G CEP-31G* CEP-121G CEP-121G* LANL2DZ SDD cc-pVTZ-PP aug-cc-pVTZ-PP Def2TZVPP
hartree fock HF 2.3242
1
  2.3242
1
  2.3371
1
2.3342
1
    2.3730
2
density functional B3LYP 2.4955
2
  2.4955
2
  2.3026
2
2.2998
2
    2.4167
2
PBEPBE                 2.4143
1
Moller Plesset perturbation MP2 2.3848
1
  2.3848
1
  2.3842
1
2.3887
1
    2.3842
2
For descriptions of the methods (AM1, HF, MP2, ...) and basis sets (3-21G, 3-21G*, 6-31G, ...) see the glossary in section I.C. Predefined means the basis set used is determined by the method.